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Untangling Confusion Around FOSSBazaar

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Tue, Jan 29, 2008
  
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I just returned from Germany where I spoke on The Open Source Census at the Open Source Meets Business conference.  At the same conference, HP announced the FOSSBazaar initiative, which OpenLogic is sponsoring along with Olliance Group, Novell, Google, Coverity, DLA Piper, SourceForge and The Linux Foundation.  The press release and presentation on FOSSBazaar has generated a lot of confusion.  In his blog, Dana Blankenhorn states

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The Open Source Census, OSS Discovery, FOSSology and FOSSBazaar!

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 24, 2008
  
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Lots of big news in the open source world.  (No worries - not another acquisition!)

FOSSBazaar launched today - with OpenLogic as one of its founding partners.  Last week HP also announced that they released FOSSology as open source.  This is on the heels of OpenLogic's announcement of the Open Source Census and the open sourcing of our tool OSSDiscovery.  This is all really cool because together these make a great tool box.  We've been getting a lot of questions about whether FOSSology does the same thing as Discovery (short answer is no) and how FOSSBazaar fits with Open Source Census.  Here's what they do:
  • OSS Discovery - scans any number of machines and generates a list of all of the installed open source software and version numbers, regardless of license.  OpenLogic released OSS Discovery as open source last month.  We’re looking for people that want to expand the fingerprint library, so go to ossdiscovery.org to learn more.   
  • FOSSology - scans source code and generates a list of all the copyrights and licenses it finds.  It doesn't identify what open source packages are installed - it finds licenses.  HP released it as open source last week.  FOSSology and OSS Discovery are complementary, and will often be used together -- OSS Discovery to inventory open source software across a number of machines, and FOSSology to identify the licenses.
  • FOSSBazaar - a website where you can find open source governance resources (including links to tools like OSS Discovery and FOSSology), and share best practices.  It was launched by a group of companies, led by HP, but it's a working group of the Linux Foundation and has nine partners sharing resources: Linux Foundation, HP, OpenLogic, Olliance Group, Novell, SourceForge, DLA Piper, Google and Coverity.
  • Open Source Census - a global, collaborative project to collect and share quantitative data on the use of open source software in the enterprise.  It collects and consolidates the data found by OSS Discovery.   Results will be shared publicly to encourage the use of open source software! It's an initiative started by OpenLogic and we will soon announce partners - we have over half a dozen signed up.
OpenLogic is excited to be a member of FOSSBazaar, and to share and talk about open source governance best practices, and we are glad that enterprises will now have access to tools like OSS Discovery and FOSSology.  We believe they will use OSS Discovery to inventory their systems and then they'll use FOSSology to get a picture of what copyrights and licenses they are dealing with.  We currently use both tools at OpenLogic today.
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Tags: Open Source Trends

Where's Stormy? Having fun talking her way around the world.

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 24, 2008
  
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I'm packing my bag for Australia.  I thought I'd let you all know where I'm at, so if you are also there, we can get together.

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Free Webinar: Avoiding Open Source Lawsuits: Five Steps to Effective Open Source Governance in the Enterprise

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 24, 2008
  
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A while back we added governance capabilities to OpenLogic Exchange (OLEX.)   This is really cool because it means that not only can you get your open source software through OLEX but you can set your policies and run your approval process through OLEX. 

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Dawn Foster's Online Community Management Podcasts

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 24, 2008
  
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Dawn Foster recently started a series of podcasts all around community management.  If you don't already subscribe to her blogs and podcasts, you should check it out.  You can listen to the latest one with me!  (I think it turned out pretty good but to be honest I always have a really hard time listening to myself.) 

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Two new points on "Would you do it again for free?"

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Wed, Jan 23, 2008
  
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Continuing my study of whether or not external rewards kill intrinsic motivations, I read a paper Norms, Rewards and Their effect on the Motivation of Open Source Software Developers that Luis pointed me at and Matt Asay blogged about.  (For the record, the paper is as long as its title implies it might be.)  The authors of the paper were also interested in whether or not paying open source developers would demotivate them.  They did a survey with college kids that concluded that paying open source software developers doesn't demotivate them.  However, I think and they agreed, that the research has yet to be done on a real open source software project.  They did point out three really interesting facts.

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Why we still travel ... even though we have email

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Mon, Jan 21, 2008
  
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If, like me, you've wondered why with all our email and conference calls, we spend so much time on airplanes, then you should read How Email Brings You Closer to the Guy in the Next Cubicle from Wired.  I don't think he completely answered it but he makes two good points:

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Do external rewards kill intrinsic motivations?

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Sat, Jan 19, 2008
  
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As many of you know, I'm really interested in the question of "Would you do it again for free?"  If you take developers that are working on open source software for free and you pay them, if you stop paying them, will they still work on open source software?  This was the topic of my keynote at GUADEC and will be the topic of my keynotes at LinuxConf Australia and SCALE - the story continues to evolve as I learn more.  One of the things I started with was a search to see if there was any relevant data out there.  I found the following five studies that explore how external rewards affect internal or intrinsic rewards:
  1. NYC "pay for grades."  New York City is offering financial incentives to students to encourage them to do well in school.  Kids are being offered up to $500 a year to take the standardized tests, get good grades and attend school regularly.  Barry Schwartz, author of The Paradox of Choice is very critical of the plan.   He says that by paying them we may actually make them less likely to want to go to school (unless they are paid.)  Instead he says we need to figure out why kids don't want to do well in school.  We need to work at making them internally motivated to do well in school. 
  2. Kids & Crayons.  In the same New York Times editorial, Barry Schwartz pointed to another study that shows how external rewards can kill intrinsic motivations.  This study was done with preschool kids - they were given some special markers.  Some of the kids were given awards for playing with the markers and some were not.  Those that got rewards were less likely to play with the markers again and less likely to draw pictures.  They associated drawing pictures with earning rewards not with having fun and so were less likely to draw pictures just for fun! 
  3. Swiss nuclear waste.  In a slightly different twist, a study was done to see if external rewards were more or less motivating than internal rewards from the onset.  (Actually, I don't think that's what they were studying but that's the question they ended up answering.)  A few years ago Switzerland was trying to figure out where to put its nuclear waste - no town wanted it.  Researchers went door to door and asked people if they would take the waste in their town.  When they were reminded that it was their duty as a Swiss citizen, 50% of them said ok.  When they were told they'd be paid a substantial sum (about six weeks pay every year,) only 25% of them said ok!  It wasn't worth the money.
  4. Israeli Daycare.  An Israeli daycare also conducted an unintended study on motivations.  They were tired of parents arriving late to pick up their kids, so instead of giving the parents a hard time and explaining that their workers wanted to go home on time they decided to start fining parents.  Parents saw the fine as sanctioned baby sitting and started showing up late even more often.  They no longer had to feel bad about showing up late because they were paying for the service!  The scary thing (for the daycare) was that when they removed the fines (because parents were showing up even later,) parents didn't go back to their original behavior!  (I think the daycare must not have charged enough.  My daycare charges a $1/minute and I have to say that's motivating!  Although I am more motivated by the embarrassment of being the last parent and of making my kid feel bad.) [Dave Neary pointed me to Luis Villa's post on this one.]
  5. Household chores.  Motivation crowding theory cites a study that found that kids that were paid to mow the lawn would only mow the lawn if they were paid to mow it.
So the question is, can those studies be applied to open source software?  I think so, although we'll need to look at the intrinsic motivations driving developers and the external rewards they get.  I'll be sharing more of my research in future blog posts.
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Data is a commodity

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 17, 2008
  
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I've been thinking about Data is a commodity:

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Sun’s Acquisition of MySQL: How Consolidation and Competition Will Determine Success

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Wed, Jan 16, 2008
  
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When you look at the acquisition of MySQL by Sun, many pundits and  bloggers point to the acquisition as a way for Sun to fill the database slot in their offering. (PaulaRooney at ZDNet, Forbes)   But I think that leaves out a couple of key underlying market drivers -- consolidation and competition -- that may help to explain Sun’s acquisition, and to understand potential future implications for the industry as whole.

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Now Hiring: Product Manager

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Tue, Jan 15, 2008
  
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We are now hiring a product manager.  You can check out the job description on our website. 

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I Love MacFUSE

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Fri, Jan 11, 2008
  
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MacFUSE is one of those packages I always knew I needed but didn't know it existed or even what to call it. MacFUSE lets Mac OS X treat a remote ssh accessible server as a mounted disk resource. Upshot: I can use any of my Mac OS X tools directly on a file that lives on a remote Linux box. MacFUSE is an OS X implementation of FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace). Google licenses it "New BSD", an OSI approved open source license. You obviously still need to be cognizant that the file system lives remotely because it's easy to abuse or forget, but given that caveat, this has to be one of the most useful pieces of software I've installed in a long time. MacFUSE project page says it will support other file system types than sshfs, but currently it looks like sshfs is it - that's enough for me. Thank you, Google.

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Risk Factors You Ought To See for Proprietary Software

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 10, 2008
  
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I’ll start off with the traditional “I am not a lawyer” disclaimer.

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Support: A Business Model that IS Working

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Mon, Jan 07, 2008
  
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I recently read a blog post by Savio Rodrigues in Infoworld that started off with the premise that “Cash is Still King”. That’s a pretty hard statement to disagree with. The post, however, went on to talk about which open source business models would or wouldn’t be successful. This is where I think Savio’s logic went a little off track.

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Why did Bill Gates' keynote suck?

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Mon, Jan 07, 2008
  
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I've heard from many sources that Bill Gates' keynote at CES wasn't all that good.  One opinion is that is was bad for lack of content.  From The Truth That Dare Not Speak: The CES Keynote Sucked:

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Facebook up for murder charges?

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 03, 2008
  
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When you enter information into your Facebook profile, does it belong to you, to Facebook or to the people you share it with?  Right now there's an interesting debate going on in the websphere: Robert Scoble used a script to get all of his Facebook friends' information.  Since that's against the Facebook terms and conditions, his account was disabled.    Scoble was wrong - he violated the terms of the Facebook user agreement which he accepted when he joined Facebook.  However, the debate isn't about whether Scoble violated Facebook terms.  The debate is about whether users should be allowed to download their friends' data.

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Long Live Closed Source Software?

Posted by Aaron Mandelbaum on Thu, Jan 03, 2008
  
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There's an interesting article on the Discover magazine website called "Long Live Closed-Source Software" written by Jaron Lanier. Jaron is a colleague of Richard Stallman though they are philosophically opposed. A quick summary of his thesis is that though the trendy thinking in synthetic biology includes incorporating the worldwide collaboration ideas (aka web 2.0 - whatever that is) and techniques used in open source, that truly innovative work cannot be done open source. Jaron cites examples such as the iPhone and Macromedia (Adobe) Flash as examples of closed-source systems that could never be created by open source processes. Furthermore, open source is a hindrance to innovation by causing brain-drain - my summary of his point that good talent is side-tracked by working on open source. He refers to Linux as a polished knock-off of closed-source unix and the general open source mentality as 70's. He concludes that applying open source ideas and ideals to synthetic biology will not result in an explosion of innovation as touted. As an adjunct he maintains that science, as currently practiced, is open enough and that the incubation period of an idea or hypothesis must occur in a closed environment so it can be protected (like a cell wall) and refined until the point it's ready to release for public review. He makes a lot of good points but also glosses over many and I think takes a stunted view of computing history and market economics in the 80's and 90's. Before Linux and Windows, for example, unix vendors, including Sun and AT&T, failed miserably to supply the market with what it needed: a solid, extensible operating system running on inexpensive hardware. The market was very fragmented, especially in the unix desktop arena and the software and hardware for unix platforms was still considered very expensive. I remember early in my career at Prime Computer, I worked on a port of System V Unix to the Prime 50 series minicomputer and I had printed out the entire source code for System V and was carrying it around in my backpack for study like I had a state secret. After all, Prime paid dearly for a license to System V and if I got mugged, someone would have the source to System V. It seems incredibly silly now. The commercial unix market prior to Linux is a counter example to Lanier's closed source arguments - it was an abysmal failure of closed-source, commercial efforts to give the market what it needed. The commercial unix market had over two decades to fill the vacuum even as Microsoft and Intel plowed the way to inexpensive hardware and software in the 80's and 90's. The irony of course is that it took the adoption of a single hardware platform and to a large degree a single software platform to reach an economy of scale where diversification and mass innovation was possible. Without WinTel, where would Linux be? To his point that integrated circuits and microprocessors are the end all in encapsulation and the pinnacle of closed-source development, I think it's another example of why it may take a mass commercial effort and the rewards that come with commercialization in order to provide a platform for an industry. Any capital intensive development does not lend itself initially to open source. However, once it's reached the mass market stage, the monopoly doesn't lend itself to innovation - stagnation will ensue. In order to build a platform upon which sustainable innovation can occur, historically speaking, it's true that major investment must come first, but that's hardly the end of the story. The mass market in silicon was well established in the late 80's and early 90's. However, I can remember a discouragingly stagnant period of several years when the world had either expensive mainframes/minis or lowly PCs with DOS and no one could think of any more innovative things to do with a Terminate and Stay Resident program or a dot-matrix printer. Then came the internet. The development of the internet is well documented. It was not a closed-source effort and was a government funded initiative at the outset. It expanded by establishing open standards, designing in diversification, providing reference implementations. This was followed by a period of huge investment, commercialization and technology transfer. That in turn enabled mass collaboration world-wide in every topic known to man which continues to this day. If the government funded IP of DARPA was instead incubated commercial/closed-source, how would it ever have sprang to life? It's like any civil infrastructure project - contrary to libertarian views, individuals aren't out to build their own personal toll roads. So, was the explosion in innovation brought on by the internet a result of open standards, government funding, entrepreneurs, close-source, or open-source? It seems to me to be the height of arrogance for any one driver named above to claim responsibility for creating the internet (remember Al Gore?) and by proxy, for enabling all the innovation to come from it. Lanier's argument that closed-source is the only way to true innovation seems patently false given the all-time best platform for innovation, the internet, was not and is not a closed-source development. I think the best argument for closed-source innovation is that it may still be the fastest technology accelerator we have found. However, as the history of Unix shows, closed-source isn't a guarantee for innovation or for giving the market what it needs. Once successful in a narrow band, closed-source methods have a hard time scaling when you consider the vast expanses of the internet or entire fields of science and discovery. For that scale, open source and collaboration between government, commercial and private interests is the only model we've ever seen work. The synthetic biology argument he makes could well be true but only within the narrow confines of jump-starting an industry the way Apple, Microsoft, and Intel did with personal computers. But in the comparison of computing history and innovation, to get to an "orgy" of synthetic biology innovation, it will take open standards, government funding, a massive commercial investment, consolidation, and technology transfer, not to mention an actual market need. That's a tall order for closed-source thinking. Pure commercial innovation and closed-source development, while necessary, is not sufficient for mass innovation.
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